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STODDARD 
Historic  Lake  Ham'-.lain 


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HISTORIC  LAKE  CHAMPLAIN. 

A  BOOK  OF  PICTURES. 

•»  >K  * 

IN  the  year  1609,  when  Hendrick  Hudson  sailed  from  the  south  up  the  river  which  now  bears  his  name,  a 
Frenchman — Samuel  de  Champlain — came  from  the  north  with  a  war-party  of  Hurons  to  give  battle  to  their 
hereditary  enemies  of  the  Five  Nations.  The  Indians  called  the  lake  Cani-adere-quarante.  which  translated 
means  "The  Lake  that  is  the  Gate  of  the  Country."  To  the  French  it  was  konwn  as  "Mere  les  Iroquois." 
Champlain  gave  it  his  own  name.  Of  old  it  was  the  dangerous  middle  ground  where  warring  savages 
played  in  a  bloody  sea-saw.  Later  it  became  the  pivotal  point  where  France  and  England  contended  for 
the  prize  of  a  continent,  in  which  England  drew  the  prize.  Fort  Ticonderoga  was  the  first  British  stronghold 
to  surrender  to  the  Americans.  At  Valcour  was  fought  the  first  naval  battle  of  the  Revolution  and  Plattsburg 
saw  the  last  bloody  engagement  with  the  Mother  Country.  Just  two  centuries  after  Champlain's  visit,  and 
one  year  after  Fulton's  steamboat  came  up  the  Hudson,  the  first  steamboat  was  launched  on  Lake  Champlain. 

The  waters  of  Lake  Champlain  flow  northward  and  empty  through  the  Richelieu  River  into  the  St.  Law- 
rence. The  length  of  the  lake  from  Whitehall  to  Fort  Montgomery  is  107%  miles.  Measuring  north  into 
Missisciuoi  Bay  on  the  east  side  (which  extends  down  into  Canada  and  is  separated  from  the  outlet  by  Alburgh 
Tongue),  its  extreme  length  is  118  miles.  North  of  nurlington  is  its  greatest  width,  which  is  about  12%  miles. 
Its  elevation  above  tide  is  99  feet;  its  greatest  depth  (at  a  point  \%  miles  south-east  of  Essex  landing)  is 
399  feet.  The  princi|ial  islands  are  near  the  north  end.  the  two  largest,  known  respectively  as  North  Hero  and 
South  eHro,  and  collectively  as  Grand  Isle,  a  county  of  Vermont.  On  the  east  is  Vermont,  stretching  away 
in  a  broad,  cultivated  plain  that  gradually  ascends  to  the  ridge  of  the  Green  Mountains.  Along  the  southern 
and  central  portion  of  the  lake  the  rocky,  western  shores  come  abruptly  to  the  water's  ed.ge,  and  rise  ridge 
on  ridge,  into  the  Adirondack  Mountains.  Here  and  there  are  bits  of  cultivated  land  and  breaks  in  the 
mountains  that  are  gateways  to  the  Wilderness.  Farther  north  the  mountains  fall  away  from  the  lake  and 
a  level,  well-  cultivated  country  presents  itsen.  Along  its  western  edge  runs  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Railroad. 
On  the  east  the  Rutland  Railroad  touches  near  Burlington,  from  which  point  it  crosses  over  through  the 
waters  to  South  Hero  and  continues  northward   to   Alburgh  and  beyond. 

('opyrit'lit  IWIS  by  S.  U,  StodJiird,  fJlcns  Falls.  N.  Y. 


,  pHore. 


STEAMER    VERMONT. 

Trip  from  Plattsburgh  to  Fort  Ticonderoga  mornings  and  return  in  tlie  afternoon.  263  feet  long.  35  feet 
beam  (6314  feet  beam  over  all).  It  has  45  state  rooms  for  passengers,  is  electric  lighted  and  has  electric 
search  light. 


STEAMER    TICONDEROGA. 


liiiilt  in  190G,  220  feet  long,  59%  feet  beam  over  all      Triji    from    W'estport    to    St.    Alhans    Bay    mornings, 
retiniiiiig  afternoons. 


SOU'Cil     FROM     FORT     TICONDKROfJA     RUINS. 
Mount    Iiulepondence  is  on   the  left.     At  the  right    just  outside  the  view  is  Fort  Ticondero.E:a  landing  (23 
miles  from   Whitehall),  where  Steamer  Vermont  is  taken   for  the  trip  through  the  lake  north  to  Plattslnirgh. 


FDKI      rH'OXDEROGA    RUIXS. 


From  midway  liclween  tlic  main  fort  and  a  smaller  one.  built  by  Dieskau  in  ITo.')  and  named  •'Carillon." 
The  part  shown  was  commenced  by  Montcalm  and  completed  by  the  En.i?lish  after  its  capture  by  Amherst 
in  1758.  It  was  surrendered  by  the  English  to  Ethan  Allen,  May  10,  1775,  being  the  first  stronghold  captured 
by  the  Americans  in  the  Revolution. 


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HlliXS     OK     KURT     TICUNhKHCKJA.      PAKAUK     ANJ)     HARKACKS     KRUM     ■rilh;     lOAST. 
Cfiitrally  on  the  ecasi   face  of  (he  officors'  quarters    outside   stairs   led   up   to  a    dooi    nl'   I  lie   srcoiid   story. 
where  Kthan  Allen   made  his  historic  demand  of  Captiiin  De  la  Place.     In  the  foreground   is  the  eliininey  hole 
of  the   undnrKround   room;    in   the   distance  Mount  Defiance,    where    Hurgoyne    jilantod    guns,    compelling    thu 
evacuation  of  the  fcnt  by  St.  Clare,  July  4,  1777. 


UNDERGROUND   ROOM. 


Entered  from  cellar  at  east  angle  of  Parade.  Some  say  it  was  the  magazine,  some  the  garrison  bakery. 
There  were  underground  rooms  at  the  north  and  west  angles  also  as  clearly  shown  liy  depressions  there  in 
1873. 


APPROACIIIXC.    T'OKT    lllOXitY    FROM    'rilK    SOUTH. 

Al   llic  lisht  is  Chiniiiey  Point,  at  the  left  Crown  Piiinl    lijjlitliniise,    boyond    which    are    (he    ruins    of    Fort 
Kreilericli.     At  the  left  ontsido  the  view  are  the  extensive  rnins  of  Crown  Point. 


LOOKING    SOUTHEAST   FROM    CROWN   POINT   RUINS. 

Crown  Point  lighthouse  in  distance.  Port  Fredericlv  at  the  extreme  left  (built  by  the  French  in  1731). 
A  bit  of  tlie  ruins  remain  and  portions  of  stone  pavement  of  the  town  of  1500  inhabitants  that  existed  here 
at  thattinie  are  still  to  be  seen. 


KUINS    OF    CROWN    HUIN'I'. 
Sliows  parade  aiici   parls  of  bai'iacks.     Tliis  fort,  was  {'ommeiiced  by  Anihorst  in   IT")!)  and  coniidetcd  later 
at  a  cost  of  ui)wards  of  two  and  one-half  million  pounds  sterling,  yet  never  fired  a  gun.     It  was  oaplnred   by 
Seth    Warner,    May    11,    I77.'i,    the    day    following   Ethan  Allen's  captnro  of  Ticondcroga,  and  abandoned  by  the 
.\nu-rieuns   In    1777  on   the  approach   of  Bnrgoyne's  irresistible  force  from  llio  north. 


HULWAGGA     liAV 


Looking  south  from  Port  Henry  Landing.  In  tlie  distance  on  tlie  extreme  left  (outside  the  view)  are  tlie  ruins 
of  Crown  Point  and  tlie  shore  where  is  believed  by  best  authorities  to  have  occurred  Champlain's  battle  with 
the  Iroquois. 


WESTPORT-OX-lvAKK     CllA  M  PLAIN. 

25    miles    north    of    Port    Ticonderoga.     Gateway    to    the    Adirondacks    via    I-:iizali<llilowii    and    Keeiie    Valley. 
Steaml5oat   landing   at   extreme   left.     Westport   Inn   centrally  on  high  ground. 


BARN    ROCK, 

On  the  west  shore,  three  miles  north  of  Westport  Landing.     The    name    is    supposed    to    be    a    corruption    of 
■'barren  roclt." 


THE     PALISADES 
Extending  along  the  west  shore  north  of  liain  Rock. 


/ 


SPLIT   ROCK   MOUNTAIN 
On   the  west  side  of  Lake  Chaniplain,  teriiiinatiiig  in  "Split  Rocl^,"  eight  miles  north  of  Westport. 


Vr}jKJ*rSf-. 


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In  old  Indian  treaties  this  was  held  to  mark  the 
and  the  MohawU   Valley. 


SPLIT  ROCK  FROM  THE  NORTH. 

boundary   line   between   the   tribes   of  the   St.   Lawrence 


THIO    RKD    ROCKS    OF    LAKR    CHAMPLAIN, 
On  tile  west  shore  of  Willsborough  Bay.     A  "D.  &   H. "train   entering   Red   Roclv   tunnel   from   the   north. 


LOOKING     XORTHWKST    FROM     XP^AR    BURLINGTON. 


.liiiiiiicr  Ishiiid  and  lishthonse  at  tlie  liglil.     At  tlio  left    in    tlie    distance    are    the    Adiriindack    Moiinlain<;, 
Rociv  Diinder  at   left  of  center  is  believed  to  be  the  "Rock   Regio"  mcntionod  often  in   Colonial   records. 


BURLIXOTOX.  VFiriMONT. 


Southern   entrance   to   harbor.     15.000   inhabitants.     Fourth    largest    lumber   market   in   the   United    States. 
The  city  rises  gradually  to  a  consideiable  height  not  indicated  in  the  picture  because  of  the  lo\v  point  of  view 


LaiuiiiiK  for  An  Salile  Cluism,  tliree  miles  inland  l).v    clcclric 
view.     Treiiililcnu    Hall    is   in    tlic   move   at    llie   ('Xlr<'nic   rinlit. 


PORT  KENT  FROM  THK  SOUTHKAST. 

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slalion    at     left    outside    the 


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LAKK    CHAMPLAIN     FROM     HOTEL    AU     SABLE    CHASM, 

Looking  east.     Port   Kent  is  at  the  north  end  of  Tremtileau  Mountain,  shown  on  the  right.     Mount  Mansfield, 
the  highest  of  the  Green   Moiintniu   range,  4300   feet  above  tide,  shows  centrally  in  the  distance. 


HOTIOI.     CHAMPLAIN     FROM     THE     EAST 

On   I'.liiff  Pciinl.  :i08  miles  from  New  York  and  77  from  Montreal.     Belongs  to  ami  is  (iiicialcd  by  Ihu  "U.  &  H." 
Company. 


KAST    FROM     HOTKL    CHAMTLAIN". 
Steanici'  iiijpioacliiiii;   lilutf  Point  Landing  from  the   north.     Across    the    lal<e    are    North    and    S<nith    Hero 
Islands.     Valcour  Island  is  seen  at  the  right.     Further  south  between  this  island  and  the  west  shore  occurred 
the  first   naval  battle  of  the  Revolution.  Oct.  11,  177G.  between  the  British  under  Sir  Guy  Carlton  and  Ameri- 
cans under  Benedict  Arnold,  in  which  the  latter  were  defeated  at  great  cost  to  the  enemy. 


NORTH  FROM  H0TP:L  CHAMPLAIN. 
At  the  left  is  Cumberland  Bay,  where  occiined  the  Battle  of  Plattsbursh  between  the  Eni^lisii  under 
Captain  Downie  and  Americans  under  Commodore  MaoDono\igh,  Sept.  11,  ISH — Ihe  last  naval  ensagement 
between  America  and  the  mother  country.  The  common  sailors  and  maiines  killed  in  the  liattle  were 
buried  on  Isle  San  Michel  (then  called  Crab  Island),  shown  at  the  right,  (^entrally  is  Cumberland  Head,  with 
Plattsburgh  in  the  bight  of  the  bay.  Just  north  of  liluff  Point  is  Cliff  Haven,  site  of  the  Catludic  Summer 
School. 


A    GLIMPSE    OF    PLATTSBTTRGH    FROM    THE    HAKliUU. 
Terniiiuis   of  steamer  trip,  three  miles  iiortli  of   Pliiff   Point.   7-1   miles  soutli  of   Montreal:    principal  gate- 
way to  the  .•\(liroii(iacks  from  the  east  via  the  Lake   F'  lacid    branch    of    the    "D.    &    H."     An    inii)ortant    army 
post  is  here  jnst  south  of  the  city. 


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THK     WKSTPORT     L\x\.   WESTFORT-OX-LAKK    CHA.M  PLAIN. 


A  thoroughly  well  appointed  house,  with  superior  table,  mountain  spring  water,  excellent  drainago,  wide 
piazzas,  with  a  su|)ei'b  view  of  the  Lal;e  and  Mountains.  Cajiacity '150.  Rates,  $4  |ier  day;  .$17. ."in  to  $:_!.'')  per 
week. 

Golf  CIul)  House  wilh  Hilliard  and  Pool  Tables  and  Shower  Baths.  Clianipbiin  steamers  land  al  foot  of 
grounds   four  limes  daily.     Convenient  excursions   on    lake.     Oiien  .lune  1  .">  I o  October. 

H.    I'.    Smith,    nianat;er    of   "The    Foothills."    Nordhoff.    Southein    f'alifnniia,    general    manager. 


TREMBUOALT    HALL-OX-LAKK    CHAMPLAIN. 


m  ■«   J  HEN   visitins   An   Sable  Chasm  stop  at  Trembleau     Hall,     Port     Kent-on-the-rjake.     Free     carriage     to 
▼  ▼     lioats  aiul  trains.     Rates  per  day,  $2.50  and  upward.     Trolley  to  the  Chasm  fifteen  minutes.   Cars  stop 
at    entrance    to    hotel    grounds.      Farrell    &    Adgate,    proprietors,  Port  Kent,  X.  Y. 


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HOTEL   AU    SABLE    CHASM. 


OTEL  AU  SABLE  CHASM 
commands  the  head  of  the 
Chasm,  and  on  the  east  a  long 
slope  to  the  shores  of  Lake 
Champlain.  It  affords  accom- 
modations for  200  guests.  It 
has  modern  improvements,  elec- 
tric lights,  artesian  well  water,  livery,  golf, 
tennis.  Tlie  tal)le  is  superior.  Rates  $4.00 
per  da,v,  $12.00  in  cottages  and  $15.00  to 
$21.00  per  week  in  hotel,  with  special  rates 
to  families.  Meals  will  be  furnished  excur- 
sion parties  to  any  desired  numlier  on  notice 
one  day  in  advance.  Electric  car  connects 
with  lioals  and  trains  at  Port  Kent  and  'bus 
runs  to  all  trains  at  the  Chasm  station. 
Hotel  and  Chasm  are  under  one  manage- 
ment.    For  iiarticulars  address 

J.  Henry  Otis.  General  Manager, 

Au  Sable  Chasm,  N.  Y. 


